Estimated population (year 2002): 12,900,000 people, according to preliminary data from the Population and Housing Census that took place in 2001.

Estimated Labor force (1999): 4,007,800 people.

Geographic distribution: 45% urban population; 55% rural population.

Density (year 2000): 46.5 people per square kilometer.

Ethnic composition: 65% mestizo; 25% Indian; 7% European; 3% Afro-Ecuadorian.

Indian Nationalities: 13 (Qechua with 14 peoples: Huaorani, Achuar, Shuar, Cofán, Siona, Secoya, Shiwiar, Zápara, Epera, Awa, Chachi and Tsáchila)